Big four hyperscalers raising more that $131 billion in debt and equity for AI buildout

Amazon alone discloses $80bn loan facility

The largest cloud hyperscalers are looking to raise more than $131 billion in debt and equity to fund their ongoing AI buildout.

Amazon, Google, Microsoft, and Oracle have all disclosed funding plans during the last week, with Amazon leading the pack with an $80 billion loan facility.

As per an SEC filing, Amazon's facility is part of its supplier financing arrangements for technology infrastructure purchases and can be tapped into between Q1 2027 and Q3 2028.

According to the filing, the loan is "subject to variability based on the extent and timing of purchase orders and pricing terms, of up to approximately $80 billion, which accrue interest at variable rates and mature five years from the date of each borrowing."

The filing adds that as of September 30, 2026, Amazon had an aggregate $20 billion in unsecured revolving credit facilities with syndicates of lenders, consisting of a $15 billion facility from 2023 and a $5 billion one-year 2025 agreement.

In its most recent quarter, Amazon spent more than $77bn on data centers, AI servers, warehouses, and other capex, above expectations - although the company said that it believes total year capex will remain in the $220bn range first shared in July.

Meanwhile, Microsoft announced plans to raise $25 billion in bonds to fund its infrastructure expansion. The company's announcement states: "Microsoft intends to use the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes, which may include, among other things, funding for working capital, capital expenditures, repurchases of capital stock, acquisitions, and repayment of existing debt. The offerings are expected to close on November 4, 2026."

The bonds have a rate ranging between 4.85 percent and 6.35 percent.

Microsoft also posted its quarterly and full-year earnings results last week, noting a $45.2bn capex for the quarter. In 2027, it is projecting a spend of $170 billion, down from the previous estimate of $175 billion.

Oracle revealed its plans to raise $20 billion on Monday, November 2. The company is offering $10 billion in common stock, along with $10 billion in floating-rate senior notes.

Oracle stated: "The net proceeds of this offering and the concurrent common stock offering, if completed, will be used for general corporate purposes, which may include capital expenditures, repayment of indebtedness, future investments or acquisitions, and payment of cash dividends on or repurchases of our common stock."

Compared to competitors, Oracle's capex is much lower, with the company anticipating full-year spending of between $90bn and $95bn.

In its most recent earnings call for Q1 of FY2027, CEO Clay Magouyrk said that Oracle had completed its previously announced $20 billion equity issuance in Q1 2027. Previously, the company said that it was expecting to raise $40 billion in debt and equity in FY2027. With the latest issuance, that goal will have been achieved.

Google, meanwhile, is offering €6bn ($6.7bn) in bonds, with rates between 3.7 percent and 5.25 percent.

The company's share price took a hit recently after its quarterly earnings, published last month, revealed that negative cash flow, which had been expected to be around $2.7 billion, came in at $9.01 billion. CFO Anat Ashkenazi told investors that the larger-than-expected number was “driven by our investments in capex.” Google spent $51.36 billion in capex in the last quarter, while maintaining its guidance for annual spending of up to $205 billion in 2027, with $300 billion to come in 2028. Its share price fell as much as 11 percent in after-hours trading following the announcement.

While these investment-grade hyperscalers seek financing to help fund their buildout of AI infrastructure, smaller neocloud companies are similarly looking to tap the same markets at a similar scale.

Fortune has reported that the money well is beginning to dry up. OpenAI recently slashed its fundraising efforts, and companies are seeing their ratings take a hit as debt ramps up and anxiety around whether this will pay off rises. CoreWeave recently saw its bond yields reach 15 percent, having been issued at 9.67 percent, leading the FT to call it "distressed debt."

The issue seems to be that much of the debt is tied to hypothetical contracts. Demand exists for AI compute, but executing it is complicated and tied to many different factors - land and power availability, compute hardware and infrastructure- and the capital needed to finance all of this is proving to be astronomical.

Wall Street veteran Ed Yardeni has posed the question: “Does enough capital even exist to finance everyone’s ambitious AI spending plans?”